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Culture and Value

The Glory of Ukraine

War is Hell

W.T. Sherman Michigan Military Academy, June 1879

Sherman famously said in a semi prepared speech to a graduating class of young military cadets. Undoubtedly the audience was not expecting such a statement from a decorated war general. This may explain why there are varying recollections of the commencement address.  Early in his military career Sherman dreamed of victories and honors. But he soon realized that such ambition had no real meaning. Purpose to engage in battle came from someplace else when all other options fail. It’s the path of last resort; inevitable, necessary and tragic. Years before the Civil War erupted he warned that such a conflict would be neither brief nor easy. War with all its consequences -death, destruction and unthinkable atrocities are an unbearable weight for everyone except for those crazy for power, wealth or both. “War is cruel and you cannot refine it” he bluntly remarked more than once. But wars are inevitable as long as people will fight to defend what is most dear to them; their families, their homelands and cherished beliefs.

Was the world really taken by surprise by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine? Just four weeks ago the possibility of a war while conceptually probable, seemed remote, something that happens in failed states, not Europe, not in a fledging democracy in the 21st century. There’s no room for complacency now. More than two million people have fled, the largest exodus from a European country since World War II. Destruction of monuments, buildings, and infrastructure in several cities, a death toll that while difficult to corroborate is growing exponentially. All in less than two weeks.

Photo by Ilya Cher on Unsplash

“War is cruelty and you cannot refine it”

Letter to the City of Atlanta, 1864

In the security of our home and comfort of our couch we can find it remarkable that a people can be so determined to defend their freedom. Not only men of conscription age, but older ones picking up arms to fend of invaders. Perhaps some had parents who told them stories of struggle for independence against Soviet occupation and aggression. Perhaps some remember themselves. Like all history it’s complicated and I don’t claim to understand it much less explain it. Most Americans myself included, have always lived without the threat of a foreign invasion from a force that intends to assimilate whatever it doesn’t destroy. Ukraine on the other hand, is one of those countries that has been threatened by annihilation and absorption dozens of times in its 1,000 years of Slavic history  Once again the country is in the jaws of death by conquest and erasure of its cultural identity. Is it any wonder that they have the resolve to fight back in what seems to be a David and Goliath battle of epic proportions?

Photo by Tina Hartung on Unsplash

The humanitarian crisis continues to unfold. Last week maternity wards were moved to subway stations. Today a maternity ward was bombed and women soon to give birth injured.  Several cities have had power and water cut off. Reports of atrocities emerge. Civilian deaths, many children and elderly numbered in the thousands Such is the rampage of war.   No one wants to think about the consequences of nuclear power energy plants being repurposed. The shift from possible to probable is hard to read in times like these. That should give sufficient pause to pray.

Photo by Kedar Gadge on Unsplash

Amidst the chaos of the war in Ukraine there are women praying, caring for children and the aged and burying the dead. Women are fleeing with their children while instilling a sense of security however illusory. Russian mothers are begging for the return of their sons who as young as sixteen presumed they were being called up to participate in routine military practice. These women are doing what those before them have always done; remind men what it means to be human.

Their resilience and hope will be fruitful. It always is.  The colors of the flag of Ukraine are now ubiquitous, blue for the open sky and yellow for the plentiful wheat.  May the seeds of hope drenched in tears and sometimes blood, buried deep within the ground, nurtured by fervent prayer bear the fruit of peace and freedom. Such fruit will be the true glory of Ukraine and of all peoples.

Photo by Cole Keister on Unsplash
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Culture and Value US History

Round the Horn to California; Sherman’s first voyage, Part 1

Ordered to California by Sea round Cape Horn! Is not this enough to rouse the most placid?

June 30th 1846 Letter

Wrote a young Sherman who was summoned as an army officer to travel to California recently claimed by the United Sates following their war with Mexico. Even before the discovery of gold the value of the land and its strategic location on the Pacific was appreciated if not coveted. John Fremont and other 19th century fortune seekers had written copiously about its bounty. Sherman was assigned to assist in a ‘peaceful possession’ of of Monterey through the Sierras.  In one of his first letters he instructs his sister:

You have Fremont’s map on the parlor table. Look at the map and you will see Monterey and San Francisco with the back country. It is in that region I believe we will be for some time…

Letter to Elizabeth Sherman, 1846

At that time there were two ways to cross the landmass we now call the United States. One could travel overland by foot or beast which beyond the Mississippi was fraught with dangers, mainly from Indians protecting their homelands. Or by sea, which took much longer since it was necessary to travel around the tip of South America and present day Chile. The voyage included crossing the equator line twice, a stay in the ports of Rio de Janeiro and Valparaiso and tumultuous passage around the tip of Cape Horn, where waters of the Atlantic and Pacific furiously intermingled. What Sherman understates succinctly almost laconically in his Memoirs, most likely an editor’s call, he humorously expounds in great detail in letters to his family.

New York Seaport late 19th century Print by George Schelgal, (Library of Congress)
USS Lexington, 1827

The seas of water known as oceans are the “high road that leads from Africa and Asia to the United States” wrote Sherman. On July 17 he along with close to 100 crew, army personnel and some passengers sailed from the port of New York on the USS Lexington, a sloop of war, converted into a cargo ship, which still carried six guns for defense on the spar/or upper deck. Sherman writes that it was well stocked with food, ammunition and other supplies that would be needed on their arrival to California. He appreciated that logistics for the voyage were well planned; “by foresight, the greatest of evils may be avoided”. But he also surmises that

“the certainty of the vast journey bids me be prepared”.  

Letter 1846

Copious and amusing descriptions of the ship and voyage abound:  The upper deck included a strong floor and was surrounded by bulwarks ‘about breast high’. “Our cargo is very heavy as we carry out so may guns for California service, and the magazine of the ship could not contain half our powder which amounts to about eight hundred barrels”.  A coop full of chickens and a few dozen pigs were also in transport perhaps some to be used for upcoming meals. The berth/lower deck included the sleeping quarters. He concludes: “We have many books of all kinds but our voyage will be so long that we will be forced to read even the tables in Bowditch”, a 19th century handbook of navigation by Nathanial Bowditch.

Indeed the first part of the voyage seems like a cruise on a luxury liner.  Soldiers and officers including young Sherman bound for California watched while sailors nimbly coiled ropes and rigged sails. Sherman notes however, that all of the men, himself included were assigned tasks and were required to assist in the event of storms.  There were four women, wives of the officers and finally two children: “ to whom the sailors are fast teaching them all the oaths in their calendars”. I take that to mean expanding their vocabulary in ways that their mothers blushed, lamented and reprimanded.  Or all three. After 57 mostly pleasant sunny days days, USS Lexington crossed the line (the equator) and made port at Rio de Janeiro for close to two weeks giving Sherman and his companions time to explore the colonial city and its surrounding mountainsides.

Rio de Janeiro in the 19th Century Capricio Views-
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Culture and Value

Monterey, California 1847

Recently rereading volume one of the W.T. Sherman’s Memoirs, I discovered this past January 26, marked the 173rd anniversary of his arrival to Monterey California. By his own description he was a young army officer, hoping to gain fame and glory in the Mexican War. Instead he was sent to keep the peace in the main port of entry in Alta California recently transferred to U.S. possession. His first stay lasted just short of two years yet a pivotal time and watershed moment in California’s history—the discovery of gold. Sherman’s eyewitness accounts are descriptive and sometimes entertaining though not particularly insightful. Except for one observation—that the discovery of gold would forever change the landscape and history of California.

I live in the Bay Area and over the years I’ve visited Monterey, California several times. This coming February 8th marks the 200th year of WTS’ birth in Lancaster, Ohio. Since I’m not able to attend the upcoming festivities hosted by the Sherman House Museum and Fairfield County Historical Society, I commemorated the upcoming occasion by visiting the historic old town of Monterey imagining what it must have been like when a young army officer set off for adventures on the other side of the continent and lived there in the wake of times that shaped its own story.

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